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Migrantes LGBTI+ llegaron a la frontera de EEUU

Grupo de casi 80 personas están en Tijuana

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Dentro de poco se cumplirá un mes desde que Loly Méndez salió de El Salvador. (Foto por Yariel Valdés González/Tremenda Nota)

Nota del editor: Yariel Valdés es reportero de Tremenda Nota, una revista electrónica independiente en Cuba que reporta sobre la comunidad LGBT y otros grupos minoritarios en el país. Tremenda Nota es la pareja de contenido del Washington Blade en Cuba.

Yariel Valdés está actualmente en Tijuana, México. Su nota salió originalmente en el sitio web de Tremenda Nota el martes.

TIJUANA, México — Un grupo de migrantes LGBTI+ espera en Tijuana, México, para alcanzar la frontera estadounidense. Decenas de personas dejaron la caravana de al menos 5.000 centroamericanos para evitar el acoso de sus propios compañeros de viaje.

Hace más de 22 días, Loly Méndez emprendió el viaje más largo de su vida. Cerca de 4.400 kilómetros separan por tierra a El Salvador de Estados Unidos. Aun así, Loly decidió unirse a uno de los grupos de migrantes centroamericanos que huyen de la violencia en sus países natales, y avanzan hacia la frontera de Estados Unidos.

Loly, mujer transgénero, cosmetóloga, no vio solo la meta del “sueño americano,” sino la oportunidad de huir de la violencia y la transfobia. Una pandilla la había asaltado y robado en su propio país.

“Doy gracias a Dios porque no me quitaron la vida, ni me violaron,” dice.

En su adolescencia, Loly ya sabía que era una mujer. Sin embargo, el clima de intolerancia que vive en su país de origen le impidió completar el cambio de imagen que deseaba.

“Nunca sabes si vas a amanecer (viva) — dice —. Yo no dejo de pensar en mi amiga, cómo la asesinaron, la estrangularon y la tiraron de un puente. Teníamos planes de salir de allá juntas (de El Salvador), pero la gente le puso odio porque ella ya lucía como una mujer.”

Cruz Torres, director de Diversidad Sexual de la Secretaría de Inclusión Social de El Salvador, estima que 600 personas LGBTI+ han sido asesinadas en los últimos 24 años en ese país centroamericano. Al menos 145 de los crímenes ocurrieron en solo tres años, desde 2015 a 2017.

La frontera, a un paso

“Todas las personas homosexuales que viajamos en esta caravana venimos con el propósito de ser libres, de trabajar, de no ser delincuentes,” explica Loly a Tremenda Nota. “Yo jamás me he prostituido y no voy a otro país a eso.”

La salvadoreña llegó a la localidad Playas de Tijuana el pasado domingo como parte de una avanzada de casi 80 personas de la comunidad LGBTI+, integrantes de la primera caravana de más de 5.000 migrantes centroamericanos.

El grupo llegó escoltado por oficiales del Instituto Nacional de Migración de México y por observadores de varias comisiones de derechos humanos del país azteca. Arribaron a la ciudad fronteriza después de pasar por San Luis Río Colorado (Sonora) y Mexicali, la capital del estado de Baja California.

César Mejías, uno de los migrantes y portavoz no oficial del grupo, declaró que esta primera caravana alcanzó el norte de México antes de lo previsto porque recibieron apoyo de “una organización de Estados Unidos, que también pertenece a la comunidad LGBTI+.” Mejías prefirió no mencionar el nombre de sus patrocinadores.     

En Tijuana aumentó la incertidumbre de los migrantes. “Duele saber que ahora nos vayan a deportar para nuestros países,” comenta Kecha Cataleya, una transgénero hondureña de 24 años.

“En 2015 me aventaron gas y me prendieron fuego, aún se me miran las marcas,” cuenta. La joven también asegura que las maras (pandillas) obligan a las personas trans a vender drogas y prostituirse.

Según la organización no gubernamental Transgender Europe, Latinoamérica tiene las tasas mundiales más altas de violencia contra la comunidad LGBTI+.

El Salvador, por ejemplo, ha registrado “aterradores crímenes de odio hacia las personas LGBTI” en los últimos años, según un reporte del grupo COMCAVIS Trans (Comunicacndo y Capacitando a Mujeres Trans). Se trata de “actos que se producen con mayor crueldad de lo usual: mutilaciones, excesos de violencia llegando al extremo de múltiples disparos, cuerpos atados, desmembramiento de partes genitales y acciones de tortura sistemática.”

Cuando Kecha Cataleya y sus compañeros llegaron a la calle Olas Altas, en la sección Coronado, varios vecinos protestaron. “Gracias a Dios — cuenta César Mejías — ellos ya comprendieron quiénes somos, qué es lo que vamos a hacer y cuánto tiempo vamos a estar aquí.”

Mejías y el resto del grupo, en el cual viajan varios menores de edad, esperan por sus “apoderados legales” para iniciar el proceso de asilo político en los Estados Unidos. “Queremos hacer las cosas bien,” añadió.

La caravana LGBTI+ arribó el pasado domingo 11 de noviembre a Tijuana, México. (Foto de Yariel Valdés González/Tremenda Nota)

Sin embargo, el presidente norteamericano Donald Trump ha intentado cerrar todas las puertas de Estados Unidos a los migrantes centroamericanos. El pasado 9 de noviembre el mandatario firmó una orden ejecutiva que prohíbe la entrada al país de forma ilegal por la frontera con México. Si los migrantes centroamericanos accedieran a la nación del norte a través puntos de entrada no autorizados, serían arrestados y perderían el derecho de permanecer en el país o solicitar asilo.

A finales de octubre el gobierno norteamericano anunció el despliegue de 5.200 militares en la frontera con México. Aunque Trump no mostró ninguna prueba aseguró en la red social Twitter que las caravanas “también están formadas por algunos matones y pandilleros muy malos.” En otro de sus tweets amenazó a los migrantes: “¡Esta es una invasión de nuestro país y nuestro ejército te está esperando!”

Unos son más iguales que otros

Durante el trayecto, los integrantes LGBTI+ de la caravana caminaron a la par de sus compatriotas hondureños, salvadoreños y guatemaltecos. Cruzaron a nado los mismos ríos, atravesaron las mismas cercas fronterizas, durmieron bajo la intemperie común, padecieron el mismo frío y la misma hambre. Sin embargo, su condición de personas LGBTI+ provocó que fueran discriminados por sus propios compañeros.

“No me esperaba eso de ellos porque todos somos migrantes y veníamos juntos. Pensé que teníamos que apoyarnos,” denunció la salvadoreña Noe Alvarenga.

“Como somos la comunidad más vulnerable — acota Loly — hemos sufrido la violencia, el machismo que viene dentro de esa caravana. Hemos sido mal vistos, nos gritan cosas.”

La antropóloga social Marta García Ortega, investigadora del Colegio de la Frontera Sur de México, coincide en que dentro del conjunto de migrantes, la comunidad LGBTI+ es particularmente vulnerable, “porque no solo están solicitando un derecho al asilo, también están en mayor riesgo, y requieren atención especial, como las mujeres.”

Varios niños se cuentan en la caravana que alcanzó la localidad Playas de Tijuana, a orillas de la frontera norteamericana. (Foto de Yariel Valdés González/Tremenda Nota)

En efecto, la discriminación, la homofobia, la violencia y los crímenes de odio lanzaron a Loly Méndez, Kecha Cataleya, Noe Alvarenga y César Mejías a un camino de miles de kilómetros, desde sus países natales hasta la frontera norteamericana.

“Vivir como yo deseo vivir, siendo lo que soy, sin que nadie me discrimine, sin necesidad de ocultarme, sin que vengan unos maleantes a la vuelta de la esquina y me golpeen…Eso es lo que quiero,” confiesa Mejías.

El recorrido, sin embargo, no termina en la frontera estadounidense. Ahí deberán emprender otra “caminata” por el sistema legal norteamericano.

Las caravanas que en pocos días tocarán las puertas de Estados Unidos han inaugurado un proceso sin precedentes en la historia reciente de las migraciones forzadas, cree la investigadora Marta García Ortega. “Esto ya no es solo un movimiento de éxodo, es un movimiento por los derechos sociales, por los derechos civiles, por el derecho a migrar.”

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Australia

Australian LGBTQ rights group issues US travel advisory

Equality Australia warns transgender, nonbinary people of ‘serious risks’

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Equality Australia has issued a U.S. travel advisory.

An LGBTQ rights group in Australia has issued a travel advisory for transgender and nonbinary people who plan to visit the U.S.

Equality Australia on April 14 posted the advisory to its website that states the U.S. government’s policy on visas and Electronic System for Travel Authorization or ESTA “appears to be” the following:

• To use the term “biological sex”

• To only use the gender marker recorded at a person’s birth, even if this differs from their gender

• That valid foreign passports with an ‘X’ gender marker and a valid visa (if needed) may continue to be admitted, however this is contingent upon satisfying inspection of their admissibility by the U.S. Customs and Border Protection officer at the port of entry

• That any previously issued, valid visa may remain current until its expiration date and the visa holder does not need to apply for a new visa with an amended gender marker until the current visa expires (it is unclear whether this applies to ESTAs)

• That new visas will only be issued under the gender marker recorded for the applicant at birth (it is unclear whether this applies to ESTA applications, although only ‘M’ and ‘F’ gender marker options are available for ESTA applications)

• That if consular officers assessing visa applications become aware an application does not contain the gender marker recorded at the applicant’s birth, they should assess additional evidence (such as previous travel records, although the scope is unclear), and/or conduct interviews and

• That where individuals are not using the gender marker recorded at their birth, consular officers should consider classifying the application as procuring a visa through material misrepresentation or fraud, which results in a lifetime bar from the U.S.

President Donald Trump shortly after he took office on Jan. 20 issued an executive order that bans the State Department from issuing passports with “X” gender markers. Secretary of State Marco Rubio in response to directive ordered State Department personnel to “suspend any application requesting an ‘X’ sex marker and do not take any further action pending additional guidance from the department.” A federal judge in Boston on April 18 issued a temporary injunction against the Trump-Vance administration’s directive.

Equality Australia says its advisory is “relevant if you are traveling to the U.S.” and fall under the following criteria:

• Hold a passport with a gender ‘X’ marker

• Have identity documents with gender markers different to those assigned to you at birth, or where other relevant details (such as your name) have been changed

• Have gender markers in your identity documents that do not match your gender expression

• Have a track record of LGBTIQ+ activism or other political activity.

“Travel to the U.S. carries serious risks that should be considered before planning any travel, particularly if you fall under one of the above categories,” reads the advisory.

Germany, Denmark, Finland, and the Netherlands are among the countries that have issued travel advisories for trans and nonbinary people who plan to visit the U.S.

WorldPride is scheduled to take place in D.C. from May 17-June 8.

InterPride, the organization that coordinates WorldPride events, on March 12 issued its own travel advisory for trans and nonbinary people who want to travel to the U.S. Egale Canada, one of Canada’s largest LGBTQ advocacy organizations, in February announced its members will not attend WorldPride and any other event in the U.S. because of the Trump-Vance administration’s policies.

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U.S. Supreme Court

Supreme Court to hear Md. religious freedom case on Tuesday

Advocacy groups to rally outside during Mahmoud v. Taylor oral arguments

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U.S. Supreme Court (Washington Blade photo by Michael Key)

Activists on Tuesday will hold a rally in front of the U.S. Supreme Court as the justices hear oral arguments in a case that will determine whether schools are violating parents’ religious freedom by not letting them opt their children out of learning about LGBTQ-specific topics.

Mahmoud v. Taylor is a case out of Montgomery County about parents who wish to opt their children out of LGBTQ-themed lessons in public schools for religious reasons. 

Montgomery County Public Schools, after initially allowing parents to opt their children out, changed the policy in March 2023.

The plaintiffs — Tamer Mahmoud, Enas Barakat, and other parents — argue “the storybooks were chosen to disrupt ‘cisnormativity’ and ‘either/or thinking’ among students.” 

“The board’s own principals objected that the curriculum was ‘not appropriate for the intended age group,’ presented gender ideology as ‘fact,’ ‘sham[ed]’ students with contrary opinions, and was ‘dismissive of religious beliefs,’” according to the petition on the Supreme Court’s website. 

The petition goes further, saying the parents are “not challenging the curriculum, but arguing that compelling their elementary-age children to participate in instruction contrary to their parents’ religious convictions violated the Free Exercise Clause. Construing Wisconsin v. Yoder, the 4th Circuit found no free-exercise burden because no one was forced ‘to change their religious beliefs or conduct.’”

The Coalition for Inclusive Schools and Communities, an organization that aims to bring together “advocates, educators, families, and organizations committed to inclusive, affirming, fact and science-based education,” will participate in the “Rally for Inclusive Education” rally outside the Supreme Court alongside Live In Your Truth and the Montgomery County Pride Family.

“Inclusive education isn’t just a value — it’s a necessity,” said Phillip Alexander Downie, co-chair of the Coalition for Inclusive Schools and Communities and CEO of Montgomery County Pride Family. “The right of every child to learn in an environment where they see themselves reflected, affirmed, and respected is under attack. This rally is our moment to protect that right — and ensure future generations inherit classrooms rooted in truth, equity, equality, and justice.”

The Coalition for Inclusive Schools and Communities says the rally is a “nonpartisan community gathering rooted in education, advocacy, and solidarity.” 

“The focus of this event is to uplift the importance of inclusive learning environments, celebrate the power of diversity in our schools, and amplify the voices of those most impacted by exclusionary practices and rhetoric,” it said.

The rally will feature speakers from across the country, including students, educators, civil rights leaders, and authors who will give their own testimonies as to why it is important to have inclusivity in primary education. Trans Maryland, the National Women’s Law Center, MoCoPride Center, and Authors Against Book Bans are among the LGBTQ groups sponsoring the event.

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National

EXCLUSIVE: Rodrigo Heng-Lehtinen to step down from Advocates for Trans Equality

A4TE formed last year when two transgender rights groups merged

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Rodrigo Heng-Lehtinen (Photo courtesy of Rodrigo Heng-Lehtinen)

Advocates for Trans Equality Executive Director Rodrigo Heng-Lehtinen on Monday announced he will step down on April 30.

The Transgender Legal Defense and Education Fund and the National Center for Transgender Equality formed Advocates for Trans Equality last year when they merged. Heng-Lehtinen was previously NCTE’s executive director.

“Now that we’ve made it through the merger, and A4TE is established as a new, prominent institution fighting hard for trans equality, it’s time for me to take my next step,” said Heng-Lehtinen in a press release that Advocates for Trans Equality sent exclusively to the Washington Blade. “When Andy (Hong Marra) and I began envisioning the merger, I committed to seeing it through. I’m proud that now our vision has been realized. A4TE has not just launched, but is fully up and running, delivering results for trans people around the country. With A4TE gaining momentum, I’m now ready to move on to my next chapter.”  

Heng-Lehtinen, whose mother is former Florida Congresswoman Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, in the press release stressed he “will be focusing on changing hearts and minds.”

“With my background in persuasion and messaging, it’s where I can make the biggest difference, and what I feel called to return to in this era of anti-trans backlash,” said Heng-Lehtinen. “I will still be fighting shoulder-to-shoulder with everyone (in) the trans movement, simply in a different capacity.”

Marra, who is Advocates for Trans Equality’s CEO, praised Heng-Lehtinen and said the organization’s work will continue.

“We thank Rodrigo for his years of dedicated leadership and service,” said Marra. “A4TE will continue to deliver on our promise to advocate for the lives of trans people who need us now more than ever. We remain undaunted by our endeavor to ensure trans people and our families are no less than free and equal and treated with dignity and respect.” 

Louisiana Trans Advocates Executive Director Peyton Rose Michelle also praised Heng-Lehtinen.

“Rodrigo has been a steady hand and a bright light in this work,” she said. “He’s someone who shows up with integrity, kindness, and a deep commitment to meeting this political moment with courage. I’ve always felt deeply supported and heard by him, which is something I value deeply.”

“I fully support him as he steps into this new chapter, and I know his clarity of vision and heart-forward leadership will keep shifting this landscape back toward justice for trans people, and therefore, all people,” added Michelle. 

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