Caribbean
Jamaican Supreme Court upholds colonial-era sodomy law
Maurice Tomlinson challenged statute in 2015

The Jamaican Supreme Court on Friday ruled against a gay man who challenged the country’s colonial-era sodomy law.
Maurice Tomlinson, an activist from Montego Bay who now lives in Canada with his husband, in the lawsuit he filed in November 2015 notes the statute violates the right to privacy and other provisions of the Jamaican constitution. He also argues the sodomy law violates āthe right to protection from inhuman or degrading punishment or other treatment.ā
The Jamaica Coalition for a Healthy Society, the Lawyers’ Christian Fellowship, Hear the Children’s Cry and a group to which the ruling refers as “The Churches” defended the law. Tomlinson on Friday told the Washington Blade that all four of these entities “have American affiliates.”
“Thankful for the privilege of living in a country where my love isn’t illegal,” wrote Tomlinson on his Facebook page.
Jamaica is among the dozens of countries in which consensual same-sex sexual relations remain criminalized.
Antigua and Barbuda, St. Kitts and Nevis, Barbados and Singapore last year decriminalized homosexuality.
The Mauritius Supreme Court earlier this month issued a ruling that struck down the country’s colonial-era sodomy law. Courts in Belize and Trinidad and Tobago in recent years have also struck down criminalization statutes in their respective countries.
The Caribbean Court of Justice in 2018 struck down a Guyana law that criminalized cross-dressing.
Tomlinson told the Blade that he can appeal the ruling to the Jamaican Court of Appeal and then to the Privy Council in London.
Jamaica gained independence from the U.K. in 1962, and a referendum on whether the country should remove the British monarch as head of state is expected to take place next year. The Privy Council is an appellate court for British territories, but it can hear appeals of Jamaican Court of Appeal rulings.Ā Ā
Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago recriminalizes homosexuality
Court of Appeal on March 25 overturned 2018 ruling

An appeals court in Trinidad and Tobago has recriminalized consensual same-sex sexual relations in the country.
Jason Jones, an LGBTQ activist from Trinidad and Tobago who currently lives in the U.K., in 2017 challenged Sections 13 and 16 of the country’s Sexual Offenses Act. High Court Justice Devindra Rampersad the following year found them unconstitutional.
The country’s government appealed Rampersad’s ruling.
Court of Appeal Justices Nolan Bereaux and Charmaine Pemberton overturned it on March 25. The Daily Express newspaper reported Justice Vasheist Kokaram dissented.
“As an LGBTQ+ citizen of Trinidad and Tobago, this regressive judgement has ripped up my contract as a citizen of T&T and again makes me an unapprehended criminal in the eyes of the law,” said Jones in a statement he posted to social media. “The TT Court of Appeal has effectively put a target on the back of LGBTQIA+ people and made us lower class citizens in our own country.”
Antigua and Barbuda, St. Kitts and Nevis, Barbados, and Dominica are among the countries that have decriminalized consensual same-sex sexual relations in recent years.
The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights in 2021 issued a decision that said Jamaica must repeal its colonial-era sodomy law. The Jamaican Supreme Court in 2023 ruled against a gay man who challenged it.
A judge on St. Vincent and the Grenadinesās top court last year dismissed two cases that challenged the countryās sodomy laws.
Jones in his statement said he “will be exercising my right of appeal and taking this matter to the” Privy Council, an appellate court for British territories that can also consider cases from Commonwealth countries.
King Charles III is not Trinidad and Tobago’s head of the state, but the country remains part of the Commonwealth.
“I hope justice will be done and these heinous discriminatory laws, a legacy of British colonialism, will be removed by the British courts,” said Jones.
Cuba
Transgender woman who protested against Cuban government released from prison
Brenda DĆaz among hundreds arrested after July 11, 2021, demonstrations

A transgender woman with HIV who participated in an anti-government protest in Cuba in 2021 has been released from prison.
Luz Escobar, an independent Cuban journalist who lives in Madrid, on Saturday posted a picture of Brenda DĆaz and her mother on her Facebook page.
“Brenda DĆaz, a Cuban political prisoner from July 11, was released a few hours ago,” wrote Escobar.
Authorities arrested DĆaz in Güira de Melena in Artemisa province after she participated in an anti-government protest on July 11, 2021. She is one of the hundreds of people who authorities took into custody during and after the demonstrations.
A Havana court in 2022 sentenced DĆaz to 14 years in prison. She appealed her sentence, but Cuba’s People’s Supreme Court upheld it.
Escobar in her Facebook post said authorities “forced” DĆaz to “be in a men’s prison, one of the tortures she suffered.” Mariela Castro, the daughter of former Cuban President RaĆŗl Castro who directs the country’s National Center for Sexual Education, dismissed reports that DĆaz suffered mistreatment in prison. A source in Cuba who spoke with the Washington Blade on Saturday said DĆaz was held in a prison for people with HIV.
The Cuban government earlier this week began to release prisoners after President Joe Biden said the U.S. would move to lift its designation that the country is a state sponsor of terrorism. The Vatican helped facilitate the deal.
U.S. Sen. Marco Rubio (R-Fla.), who is Cuban American, on Wednesday criticized the deal during his confirmation hearing to become the next secretary of state. President-elect Donald Trump, whose first administration made the terrorism designation in January 2021, will take office on Monday.
Caribbean
Dutch Supreme Court rules Aruba, CuraƧao must allow same-sex couples to marry
Ruling likely also applicable to St. Maarten

The Dutch Supreme Court on Friday ruled Aruba and CuraƧao must extend marriage rights to same-sex couples.
The Joint Court of Justice of Aruba, CuraƧao, St. Maarten and of Bonaire, St. Eustatius, and Saba in 2022 ruled in favor of marriage equality in two cases that Fundacion Orguyo Aruba and Human Rights Caribbean in CuraƧao filed.
The governments of the two islands appealed the ruling.
The Joint Court of Justice of Aruba, CuraƧao, St. Maarten and of Bonaire, St. Eustatius, and Saba has jurisdiction over Aruba, CuraƧao, and St. Maarten āthree constituent countries within the Netherlands ā and Bonaire, St. Eustatius, and Saba ā which are special municipalities within the kingdom.Ā
Same-sex couples have been able to legally marry and adopt children in Bonaire, St. Eustatius, and Saba since 2012.
Aruba, CuraƧao, and St. Maarten must recognize same-sex marriages from the Netherlands, Bonaire, St. Eustatius, and Saba. Arubaās registered partnership law took effect in 2021.
“Today, we celebrate a historic victory for the dignity and rights of LGBT individuals in CuraƧao and Aruba,” said Human Rights Caribbean President Janice Tjon Sien Kie on Friday in a statement.
Aruban Sen. Miguel Mansur, who is gay, on Friday described the ruling to the Washington Blade as “an amazing victory which applies to Aruba, CuraƧao, and by implication St. Maarten.”
“Aruba progresses into a society with less discrimination, more tolerance, and acceptance,” he said.
Melissa Gumbs, a lesbian St. Maarten MP, told the Blade the ruling “could very well have some bearing on our situation here.”
“I’m definitely looking into it,” she said. “We’re researching it to see what is the possibility, and also in touch with our friends in Aruba who are, of course, overjoyed with this ruling.”
Cuba, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, St. Martin, St. Barts, Martinique, and Guadeloupe, are the other jurisdictions in the Caribbean in which same-sex couples can legally marry.
Mansur said the first same-sex marriages in Aruba will happen “very soon.”
“There are two couples ready to wed,” he told the Blade.
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